1 00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:04,980 Well, I am so excited everyone is here with us 2 00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,910 this evening from Daytona Beach, from Singapore, 3 00:00:08,910 --> 00:00:13,350 from Indiana, Illinois, Delaware, I am in Orlando, 4 00:00:13,350 --> 00:00:18,780 Florida. I am Alex Reiser. I am a member of our 5 00:00:18,780 --> 00:00:22,380 worldwide faculty in the Department of Humanities 6 00:00:22,380 --> 00:00:27,450 and Communication. And I am thrilled to be with 7 00:00:27,450 --> 00:00:31,320 you tonight to talk a little bit about presenting 8 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:35,550 with confidence. And so I'm posing a question for 9 00:00:35,550 --> 00:00:38,700 you to think about. And this may be something that 10 00:00:38,700 --> 00:00:42,150 you want to address in the chat box right now, 11 00:00:42,180 --> 00:00:45,210 which is fine, or it may be something that you 12 00:00:45,210 --> 00:00:48,810 want to think about. But we're going to come back 13 00:00:48,810 --> 00:00:53,100 to this question, especially at the end of the 14 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:56,700 presentation when it's time for Q&A so we can 15 00:00:56,700 --> 00:01:00,600 really sort of dive into this idea of our personal 16 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:03,480 nerves and our personal feelings of anxiety when 17 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:05,940 it comes to presenting and said the question that 18 00:01:05,940 --> 00:01:09,210 I'm going to have to think about and respond in 19 00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:14,040 the chat box is very simple. What makes you really 20 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:17,430 nervous about presenting? And this could be a 21 00:01:17,430 --> 00:01:20,400 variety of things that could be you feel like 22 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:23,880 people are judging you. It could be that you just 23 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:27,270 hate standing up in person in front of a big crowd 24 00:01:27,270 --> 00:01:29,940 of people, or alternatively, that you really don't 25 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:32,700 like presenting and zoo. Right. But think about 26 00:01:32,700 --> 00:01:37,020 this and type some responses in the chat box. And 27 00:01:37,020 --> 00:01:39,960 as I said, we're going to come back to this 28 00:01:40,380 --> 00:01:43,950 question during our Q&A this evening. But I want 29 00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:47,580 to talk to you a little bit about my personal 30 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,960 nerves and anxiety when it comes to public 31 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:57,870 speaking and presenting. So outside of work, one 32 00:01:57,870 --> 00:02:03,180 of my huge personal passions is volunteering in 33 00:02:03,180 --> 00:02:06,210 the community. What I mentioned at the top of our 34 00:02:06,210 --> 00:02:11,280 session that I am in Orlando, Florida. And so I am 35 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:15,960 currently in a volunteer position as a president 36 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:19,920 of a women's civic leadership organization here in 37 00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:23,490 Orlando. And we have four hundred and fifty. We 38 00:02:23,490 --> 00:02:27,150 have four hundred and fifty members. And I do not 39 00:02:27,150 --> 00:02:29,820 know what is a screen sharing US policy, but we're 40 00:02:29,820 --> 00:02:33,690 going to try that again. So it has four hundred 41 00:02:33,690 --> 00:02:40,410 and fifty total members of our organization. Let's 42 00:02:40,410 --> 00:02:41,700 go with. 43 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:46,800 Can you see that again? 44 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:53,100 Looks good. Perfect. And so we have monthly 45 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:56,610 meetings of this volunteer organization where it's 46 00:02:56,610 --> 00:03:00,150 open to as many people who want to attend. So we 47 00:03:00,150 --> 00:03:03,300 can have 100 members. We can have two hundred 48 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:05,550 members. We can have all four hundred fifty. Right. 49 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:12,120 And my role in this meeting is to facilitate a 50 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:17,640 virtual vote. And so as president, I went over the 51 00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:20,340 rules of parliamentary procedure and Robert's 52 00:03:20,340 --> 00:03:24,480 Rules of order. I went over how to vote virtually 53 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:28,080 when most of the folks who were voting are used to 54 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:30,690 a face to face sort of paper, ballot check, yes or 55 00:03:30,690 --> 00:03:36,090 no ballot vote. We also talked about sort of how 56 00:03:36,090 --> 00:03:38,880 to discuss a motion. And if you wanted to speak 57 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:41,160 for the motion or speak against the motion, how to 58 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,860 use the handbrakes tool and then use your 59 00:03:43,860 --> 00:03:46,110 microphone and your camera to speak for the motion 60 00:03:46,110 --> 00:03:48,930 or to speak against the motion. So it took a lot 61 00:03:48,930 --> 00:03:53,520 of advanced preparation, a lot of practice to make 62 00:03:53,520 --> 00:03:56,100 sure that this meeting was going to run smoothly, 63 00:03:56,670 --> 00:04:00,210 especially knowing that we had no clue how many 64 00:04:00,210 --> 00:04:03,150 people would show up to attend. And so I was 65 00:04:03,150 --> 00:04:06,690 talking to my family about this meeting and my 66 00:04:06,810 --> 00:04:11,760 brother said to me, I would be terrified. How in 67 00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:15,270 the world are you leading a zone meeting like this? 68 00:04:15,270 --> 00:04:18,180 I would be so, so nervous and so scared. And I 69 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:21,450 thought to myself, I did not feel anxiety or 70 00:04:21,450 --> 00:04:24,830 nerves at all during that experience. I wasn't 71 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:28,410 nervous preparing. I wasn't nervous during. It was 72 00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:31,770 totally fine. No, let's contrast that 73 00:04:33,810 --> 00:04:37,080 with another presentation that I just delivered 74 00:04:37,860 --> 00:04:42,450 last week. So this was also a zoom presentations 75 00:04:42,450 --> 00:04:46,380 and very similar in terms of format. But this 76 00:04:46,380 --> 00:04:52,530 presentation was for my dissertation defense and I 77 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:57,510 was terrified. I had been to a few of my fellow 78 00:04:57,970 --> 00:05:01,290 Ph.D. people in my cohort, a few of their 79 00:05:01,290 --> 00:05:03,300 dissertation defenses, so that I would sort of 80 00:05:03,300 --> 00:05:06,570 know what to expect. But I never delivered that 81 00:05:06,570 --> 00:05:11,520 kind of presentation before. I had two hours to 82 00:05:11,520 --> 00:05:14,820 deliver this presentation, and I knew that my 83 00:05:14,820 --> 00:05:17,670 committee was going to ask me questions at the end 84 00:05:17,670 --> 00:05:22,620 of my presentation, and I was terrified. I spent 85 00:05:22,620 --> 00:05:26,820 hours and hours and hours and hours for about a 86 00:05:26,820 --> 00:05:30,600 month leading up to that defense presentation, 87 00:05:31,140 --> 00:05:35,850 preparing, practicing, rehearsing. I was a nervous 88 00:05:35,850 --> 00:05:38,310 wreck. I could not pay attention or concentrate on 89 00:05:38,310 --> 00:05:40,620 anything else. I couldn't sleep the night before 90 00:05:40,890 --> 00:05:44,670 and I just felt like the weight and the stress of 91 00:05:44,670 --> 00:05:47,490 the presentation weighing down on me. And again, 92 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:51,690 very nervous for that particular presentation. And 93 00:05:51,690 --> 00:05:54,360 so tonight, we're going to talk a little bit about 94 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:58,500 how presentation anxiety is common and that we 95 00:05:58,500 --> 00:05:59,700 might feel it 96 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:07,650 more strongly. We might feel it less having it be 97 00:06:08,070 --> 00:06:12,210 sort of less nerve racking in certain situations 98 00:06:12,210 --> 00:06:15,450 or with certain audiences. Again, maybe some of us 99 00:06:15,450 --> 00:06:18,180 are more nervous face to face than Zoomer or vice 100 00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:21,300 versa. That presentation anxiety is really, really, 101 00:06:21,300 --> 00:06:24,000 really common. So we're going to talk a little bit 102 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:29,070 about why anxiety is common and why it's OK that 103 00:06:29,070 --> 00:06:31,830 we have presentation anxiety. Then we're going to 104 00:06:31,830 --> 00:06:34,980 talk a little bit about ways that we can manage 105 00:06:34,980 --> 00:06:36,990 that anxiety, because I think it's really 106 00:06:36,990 --> 00:06:40,200 important to note that this anxiety is never going 107 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:42,750 to go away completely. One hundred percent of the 108 00:06:42,750 --> 00:06:45,450 time with every presentation or with every speech. 109 00:06:45,450 --> 00:06:47,790 Right. We might have to do a presentation for a 110 00:06:47,790 --> 00:06:51,810 job interview. And it's a very high stakes. And so 111 00:06:51,810 --> 00:06:54,690 that presentation might be one where you need to 112 00:06:54,690 --> 00:06:57,630 pull the tools in your tool tool belt, the 113 00:06:57,630 --> 00:06:59,520 managing anxiety tips that we're going to talk 114 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:02,130 about tonight to make sure that you do your best 115 00:07:02,130 --> 00:07:06,330 work. But there are hundreds there are thousands 116 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:09,690 of tips that you can use to manage your anxiety. 117 00:07:09,690 --> 00:07:12,540 We're going to talk about five tonight that I 118 00:07:12,540 --> 00:07:16,830 found in my experience teaching public speaking 119 00:07:16,830 --> 00:07:19,980 for the past 15 years. These have been the most 120 00:07:19,980 --> 00:07:23,910 effective for my students. And I think that these 121 00:07:23,910 --> 00:07:27,180 might be very, very helpful for you, regardless of 122 00:07:27,180 --> 00:07:29,580 the presentation type, regardless of the 123 00:07:29,580 --> 00:07:32,100 presentation audience, whether you're doing it for 124 00:07:32,100 --> 00:07:35,100 class, whether you're doing it for work, I think 125 00:07:35,100 --> 00:07:37,200 these tips are going to be really helpful for you. 126 00:07:37,410 --> 00:07:39,000 And then we're going to circle back to that 127 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:42,630 question that I asked at the very beginning about 128 00:07:42,630 --> 00:07:47,300 your present. Haitian nurse, what makes you really 129 00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:50,030 anxious about public speaking and presentation? 130 00:07:50,540 --> 00:07:54,110 We're going to have a little bit of open Q&A also 131 00:07:54,110 --> 00:07:56,840 about tips that you might have used in the past 132 00:07:57,140 --> 00:08:00,170 that we might not go over during our agenda 133 00:08:00,170 --> 00:08:04,070 tonight. So let's start again with presentation, 134 00:08:04,070 --> 00:08:09,740 anxiety being common. There is no magic wand that 135 00:08:09,770 --> 00:08:11,660 we're going to be able to wave that's going to 136 00:08:11,660 --> 00:08:14,720 make this disappear. You've probably heard 137 00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:19,220 anecdotally that people fear public speaking. 138 00:08:19,460 --> 00:08:23,090 People fear presentations more than death rate and 139 00:08:23,090 --> 00:08:25,790 presentation anxiety is really common just as the 140 00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:29,360 fear of heights, the fear of spiders. And I think 141 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:33,020 that the best way that I have heard it explained 142 00:08:33,020 --> 00:08:35,810 sort of why we have presentation anxiety and why 143 00:08:35,810 --> 00:08:37,760 we could we could think about this as being 144 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:43,670 something that's normal. Scott Burkean explained 145 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:47,270 sort of the fear of public speaking related to our 146 00:08:47,270 --> 00:08:50,210 amygdala. So this is responsible for fight or 147 00:08:50,210 --> 00:08:54,890 flight. And he calls the amygdala our lizard brain. 148 00:08:55,760 --> 00:09:01,640 And the lizard brain is designed to keep us alive 149 00:09:01,640 --> 00:09:04,520 and to make sure we can make decisions about our 150 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:07,610 safety. And so think about it. If you are 151 00:09:07,610 --> 00:09:11,630 delivering a presentation, you are standing maybe 152 00:09:11,630 --> 00:09:15,290 in an auditorium where there are all of these eyes 153 00:09:15,290 --> 00:09:19,660 on you and you have no hiding place and all of 154 00:09:19,670 --> 00:09:24,110 these creatures could come and eat you. And we 155 00:09:24,110 --> 00:09:27,050 just have this trigger. Our brain is triggered and 156 00:09:27,050 --> 00:09:29,540 that sensation of, oh, my goodness, I'm in danger 157 00:09:29,990 --> 00:09:34,730 makes us feel that fight or flight, that tendency 158 00:09:35,420 --> 00:09:38,090 might get sweaty palms. You might find that your 159 00:09:38,090 --> 00:09:41,540 heart is racing a little bit. You might find that 160 00:09:42,020 --> 00:09:45,170 it's harder to speak. Right. And so we have these 161 00:09:45,170 --> 00:09:48,740 like physical symptoms of fear because our brain 162 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:51,470 is telling our body, get out of here, you are in 163 00:09:51,470 --> 00:09:55,220 danger. And I think a lot of us have experienced 164 00:09:55,220 --> 00:09:58,250 this in the past and we know this feeling. But 165 00:09:58,250 --> 00:10:02,210 again, it might be more elevated in certain public 166 00:10:02,210 --> 00:10:04,940 speaking situations. And so that's where when we 167 00:10:04,940 --> 00:10:07,100 talk tonight about the different tips that we can 168 00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:10,670 use, some might work sometimes and you might have 169 00:10:10,670 --> 00:10:13,190 to rely on using two or three tips in other 170 00:10:13,190 --> 00:10:17,960 situations if your anxiety is higher. And so I 171 00:10:17,960 --> 00:10:20,600 think it's important to note that even if we have 172 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:23,540 these anxiety triggers and even if our lizard 173 00:10:23,540 --> 00:10:26,180 brain is sort of going wild in a presentation 174 00:10:26,180 --> 00:10:29,360 situation, it really is important that we know how 175 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,480 to be effective communicators and effective 176 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:35,180 presenters. That's not only going to help you 177 00:10:35,180 --> 00:10:38,360 succeed if you are taking courses that at every 178 00:10:38,540 --> 00:10:40,400 all of your undergraduate student, a graduate 179 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:42,800 student, a Ph.D. student, I mean, it's also going 180 00:10:42,800 --> 00:10:45,200 to help you and your career in the future as well, 181 00:10:45,410 --> 00:10:49,220 which is really important. And so I think let's 182 00:10:49,220 --> 00:10:53,900 just level set when we are envisioning the goal of 183 00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:57,620 public speaking and the goal of presenting 184 00:10:57,620 --> 00:11:01,100 effectively. And this is another quote by Scott 185 00:11:01,100 --> 00:11:03,890 Birken. He wrote a fantastic book called 186 00:11:03,890 --> 00:11:06,710 Confessions of a Public Speaker that I highly 187 00:11:06,710 --> 00:11:09,530 recommend, even though this entire bookshelf right 188 00:11:09,530 --> 00:11:12,410 here, all public speaking and presentation books, 189 00:11:12,410 --> 00:11:15,800 I'll let you borrow if you want to. So he says 190 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:19,040 that the goal of public speaking, the goal of 191 00:11:19,040 --> 00:11:22,970 presenting is not to be perfect. Right. And 192 00:11:22,970 --> 00:11:26,540 remember, when you are watching a speech that you 193 00:11:26,540 --> 00:11:29,420 really like, remember to start to 194 00:11:31,520 --> 00:11:34,490 conceive of why you like that presenter. It's 195 00:11:34,490 --> 00:11:37,930 probably because you're relating to them. There's 196 00:11:37,970 --> 00:11:40,760 something that they're saying that is engaging. 197 00:11:40,760 --> 00:11:43,640 They're connecting with you in an authentic, real 198 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:47,960 way. Right. And so the goal is not to be perfect. 199 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:50,630 And so we have to sort of throw that idea out the 200 00:11:50,630 --> 00:11:52,490 window right off the bat. And you can kind of 201 00:11:52,490 --> 00:11:55,340 think about this like you think about learning to 202 00:11:55,340 --> 00:11:58,040 play a musical instrument, learning to play the 203 00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:00,650 guitar. Right. When you pick up the guitar for the 204 00:12:00,650 --> 00:12:03,320 very first time, you are not expecting to be 205 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:07,100 perfect. It takes time. It takes practice. 206 00:12:07,100 --> 00:12:08,900 Sometimes you mess up and make a mistake, but 207 00:12:08,900 --> 00:12:11,840 you're a human being. And I think sort of coming 208 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:15,530 into the public speaking or presentation situation 209 00:12:15,530 --> 00:12:18,560 with that mindset can be really helpful because we 210 00:12:18,560 --> 00:12:22,190 put a lot of pressure on ourselves, I think, to be 211 00:12:22,190 --> 00:12:25,610 perfect. And that is just not attainable. We are 212 00:12:25,610 --> 00:12:28,490 not robots. And so I think this is a good way to 213 00:12:28,490 --> 00:12:32,510 sort of help us see our public speaking anxiety in 214 00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:35,600 a different light, in a different way. And I think, 215 00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:41,690 too, it is very common in daily communication to 216 00:12:41,690 --> 00:12:44,210 not be perfect. Right. I'm certainly not perfect 217 00:12:44,210 --> 00:12:47,070 when. I present tonight, right, I might say I 218 00:12:47,070 --> 00:12:49,860 might stumble over my words a little bit, and that 219 00:12:49,860 --> 00:12:55,170 is normal. This is a quote from Michael Arad and 220 00:12:55,170 --> 00:12:59,070 he says, Mistakes on average occur once every 10 221 00:12:59,070 --> 00:13:02,940 words. And so, again, I'm telling you this just to 222 00:13:02,940 --> 00:13:06,090 get you in the mindset of the goal of an effective 223 00:13:06,090 --> 00:13:08,700 presentation is not for you to sort of have this 224 00:13:08,700 --> 00:13:12,240 perfectly memorized script and deliver that 225 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:16,560 flawlessly. Right. And I think that when it comes 226 00:13:16,560 --> 00:13:19,920 to public speaking and presentation anxiety, if we 227 00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:22,950 can learn to accept, we're not going to be perfect. 228 00:13:22,950 --> 00:13:25,350 And that's OK. And that's normal. And in fact, 229 00:13:25,350 --> 00:13:28,980 that might make our audience be even more engaged 230 00:13:28,980 --> 00:13:30,900 because we're showing our naturalness and our 231 00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:34,350 authenticity. I think that reframing can help us 232 00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:37,020 initially with understanding the the purpose and 233 00:13:37,020 --> 00:13:41,910 the point of public speaking. And so I also find 234 00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:47,220 that nerves and anxiety help me. They focused my 235 00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:50,310 attention on the speaking situation, especially 236 00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:53,880 when it came to my dissertation presentation, when 237 00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:56,880 I sort of felt the stress literally up to here. I 238 00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:00,810 was so nervous. I was so afraid because I wanted 239 00:14:00,810 --> 00:14:03,780 to succeed. I wanted to do well. And so that 240 00:14:03,780 --> 00:14:07,470 nervousness, anxiety and fear focused my attention 241 00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:11,310 on the defense, on the speaking situation. And I 242 00:14:11,310 --> 00:14:14,610 think, too, when we have anxiety and I think we 243 00:14:14,610 --> 00:14:19,710 have fear, we can use that as this energy. And 244 00:14:19,710 --> 00:14:22,680 instead of sort of feeling our palms sweaty and 245 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:25,650 feeling these nervous tics and feeling our heart 246 00:14:25,650 --> 00:14:30,030 race, we can try as hard as we can to channel that 247 00:14:30,030 --> 00:14:34,170 energy into excitement instead of having all of 248 00:14:34,170 --> 00:14:39,150 that energy channeled into anxiety and talking to 249 00:14:39,150 --> 00:14:41,310 our self in negative ways like, oh, my gosh, the 250 00:14:41,310 --> 00:14:43,560 speech is horrible. This is the scariest thing 251 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:47,280 ever. Right. And so let's talk a little bit about 252 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:51,930 ways that you can manage your anxiety. And there 253 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:58,590 are so many in the public speaking encyclopedia of 254 00:14:58,590 --> 00:15:00,180 all the things you need to know about public 255 00:15:00,180 --> 00:15:02,730 speaking anxiety. But again, these are the five 256 00:15:02,730 --> 00:15:06,460 that have worked most often for my students and I. 257 00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:08,820 We'll talk about some examples for my students as 258 00:15:08,820 --> 00:15:11,370 we go through these. But the number one tip, as 259 00:15:11,370 --> 00:15:15,450 much as this might seem very obvious, is to 260 00:15:15,450 --> 00:15:19,230 prepare. And I say that this might seem obvious, 261 00:15:19,740 --> 00:15:22,560 but we know that when we are nervous about 262 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:25,690 something, we don't like something. Right. Because 263 00:15:25,730 --> 00:15:28,590 a lot of us don't love public speaking. We 264 00:15:28,590 --> 00:15:32,820 procrastinate. We put the speech off forever and 265 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:37,020 ever. We don't put in the hours of preparation 266 00:15:37,020 --> 00:15:41,400 that we know we should. And so this is the number 267 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:44,460 one tip that I could give you. I think this is 268 00:15:44,460 --> 00:15:48,300 exceptionally important when you have a high 269 00:15:48,300 --> 00:15:51,690 stakes presentation, even if your inclination is 270 00:15:51,690 --> 00:15:54,000 to wait until the night before to even think about 271 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,610 it. Right. Because then your nerves might take 272 00:15:56,610 --> 00:15:59,880 over and you are not in that calm centered place 273 00:15:59,880 --> 00:16:02,400 that you might have been a few weeks before to 274 00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:06,030 really focus on preparing your speech content with 275 00:16:06,030 --> 00:16:09,510 that very clear introduction and body and 276 00:16:09,510 --> 00:16:11,670 conclusion. And listen, I will tell you what I was 277 00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:15,030 preparing for my dissertation. I would do anything 278 00:16:15,210 --> 00:16:18,240 to get out of preparing a practicing. I went to 279 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:20,940 the grocery store fifty seven times. I cleaned my 280 00:16:20,940 --> 00:16:23,820 baseboards for the first time in a year. I would 281 00:16:23,820 --> 00:16:26,520 find anything to do to not sit down and work on 282 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:28,650 that presentation because I was feeling so much 283 00:16:28,650 --> 00:16:32,430 anxiety. So I know what this is like. But think 284 00:16:32,430 --> 00:16:37,770 about presentations as a three legged stool and 285 00:16:37,770 --> 00:16:41,070 you need all three legs and to only have two legs 286 00:16:41,070 --> 00:16:42,870 labeled here. But we are going to talk about all 287 00:16:42,870 --> 00:16:47,640 three. If your presentation is the stool, it 288 00:16:47,640 --> 00:16:50,670 really does rely on your preparation of your 289 00:16:50,670 --> 00:16:54,390 content. And if you're going to use a PowerPoint 290 00:16:54,390 --> 00:16:57,660 or a whiteboard with markers or a flip chart or 291 00:16:57,660 --> 00:17:01,350 anything, your visuals need to go well with that 292 00:17:01,350 --> 00:17:04,560 content that you've prepared and you have to know 293 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:06,480 what you're going to say, then you have to know 294 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:08,850 the order that you're going to present that 295 00:17:08,850 --> 00:17:12,780 information that allows you to plan for the 296 00:17:12,780 --> 00:17:17,280 experience of your audience, that allows you to 297 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:21,630 keep on track. If your nerves are making you feel 298 00:17:21,630 --> 00:17:25,890 very flustered, it keeps you on track for time. 299 00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:29,490 And I think it keeps you really organized so that 300 00:17:29,490 --> 00:17:32,730 if you find yourself, again, feeling super nervous, 301 00:17:32,730 --> 00:17:36,000 ten out of ten nervous, your audience is still 302 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:38,280 going to be able to follow your train of thought 303 00:17:38,550 --> 00:17:40,500 and your nerves are not going to derail your 304 00:17:40,500 --> 00:17:44,070 content because you've prepared. And so I think 305 00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:46,910 it's. Equally important, if you have visuals, 306 00:17:46,940 --> 00:17:48,890 whatever that looks like, again, you could 307 00:17:48,890 --> 00:17:51,770 literally just have a poster board as your visual, 308 00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:54,440 but you really have to put time into preparing 309 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:57,590 those visuals to to make sure that they align with 310 00:17:57,590 --> 00:18:02,600 your content. And so I think another big mistake 311 00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:06,980 that we make when we are preparing. So the and to 312 00:18:06,980 --> 00:18:10,520 really go hand in hand because we think we have to 313 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:15,680 be perfect. A lot of times we write a script word 314 00:18:15,680 --> 00:18:19,300 for word, and then we sort of feel this pressure, 315 00:18:19,310 --> 00:18:21,830 oh, my goodness, I have to memorize the script 316 00:18:21,830 --> 00:18:25,310 word for word or I have to read it word for word 317 00:18:25,310 --> 00:18:29,030 to my audience. And both of those things are going 318 00:18:29,030 --> 00:18:32,450 to have negative impacts on your audience. If 319 00:18:32,450 --> 00:18:34,370 you're trying to memorize something, if you're 320 00:18:34,370 --> 00:18:36,860 speaking robotically from notes that you're just 321 00:18:36,860 --> 00:18:40,070 reading, again, your audiences that feel that 322 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:42,050 connection with you, they don't feel like you're a 323 00:18:42,050 --> 00:18:45,110 real human being. And so I think that it's 324 00:18:45,110 --> 00:18:49,250 important to use a speech outline. So think bullet 325 00:18:49,250 --> 00:18:53,120 points, think outline format, which means words 326 00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:56,960 and phrases instead of complete sentences. And I 327 00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:59,900 wanted to show you an example from tonight's 328 00:18:59,900 --> 00:19:04,560 presentation. Right. And so I have notes, I wanted 329 00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:07,770 to make sure that I cared my content, which is 330 00:19:07,770 --> 00:19:11,310 what you see in bullet points with my visuals. So 331 00:19:11,310 --> 00:19:14,490 you can see my outline is more slide based, right. 332 00:19:14,490 --> 00:19:17,610 Like slide one when that visual is up. Here's what 333 00:19:17,610 --> 00:19:20,640 I'm going to be talking about. Right. This outline 334 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:25,020 format is helpful for everyone. Even if you don't 335 00:19:25,020 --> 00:19:28,340 feel very nervous, even if you feel confident, 336 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:32,130 still have that outline. I would tell some of my 337 00:19:32,130 --> 00:19:34,230 students who are very comfortable with 338 00:19:34,230 --> 00:19:37,770 presentations, even if you just literally have an 339 00:19:37,770 --> 00:19:40,740 index card and you have introduction, body and 340 00:19:40,740 --> 00:19:44,010 conclusion and you have three words under each of 341 00:19:44,010 --> 00:19:46,830 those pieces of your presentation and you put it 342 00:19:46,830 --> 00:19:48,960 in your back pocket and you don't need it at all. 343 00:19:49,230 --> 00:19:52,650 Cool. At least you have it if something happens. I 344 00:19:52,650 --> 00:19:56,340 mean, everyone knows to expect the unexpected. 345 00:19:56,340 --> 00:19:59,760 Right. And so I think that it's really helpful. If 346 00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:02,850 you don't need the note that you've prepared, you 347 00:20:02,850 --> 00:20:05,700 will still have prepared. And I think a lot of 348 00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:09,630 times students ask you, how should I prepare my 349 00:20:09,630 --> 00:20:13,590 outline? And I think this really can be determined 350 00:20:13,590 --> 00:20:16,800 by the presentation situation. So if you want to 351 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:21,450 use a separate tablet or laptop, if you're 352 00:20:21,450 --> 00:20:24,150 presenting and zoom on your desktop, you can do 353 00:20:24,150 --> 00:20:26,790 that. If you're presenting face to face, you can 354 00:20:26,790 --> 00:20:29,760 literally print out your notes. You can use your 355 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:32,940 phone and scroll through your phone. There is no 356 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:36,570 sort of right way. But again, we want to make sure 357 00:20:36,570 --> 00:20:39,900 that we're not preparing a word for word script, 358 00:20:40,170 --> 00:20:42,660 because if we do, our natural inclination is going 359 00:20:42,660 --> 00:20:46,470 to be to read it or to memorize it. And again, 360 00:20:46,470 --> 00:20:48,360 we're trying to get away from that idea that we 361 00:20:48,360 --> 00:20:53,610 need to be perfect. So that number to familiarize 362 00:20:53,610 --> 00:20:57,810 yourself with your content, but don't memorize. So 363 00:20:57,810 --> 00:21:02,460 the third tip is where the third leg of the 364 00:21:02,460 --> 00:21:05,790 presentation stool, which is delivery, comes into 365 00:21:05,790 --> 00:21:10,170 play. And so rehearsing your delivery is just as 366 00:21:10,170 --> 00:21:14,100 critical as preparing the content and preparing 367 00:21:14,100 --> 00:21:17,400 the visuals and rehearsing your delivery feels 368 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:19,440 really awkward and weird. And we don't want to do 369 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:23,520 it because who wants to practice in a mirror or 370 00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:27,150 practice with other people or practice just alone 371 00:21:27,150 --> 00:21:29,970 in your same room? Again, it feels very awkward, 372 00:21:30,330 --> 00:21:34,980 but rehearsal allows us to again stay on track for 373 00:21:34,980 --> 00:21:39,150 time. It allows us to make sure that our content, 374 00:21:39,150 --> 00:21:42,510 when spoken out loud, is making sense and is 375 00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:45,120 connecting ideas or connecting to each other. 376 00:21:45,120 --> 00:21:49,080 There's flow in the communication. And then I 377 00:21:49,110 --> 00:21:52,470 think, too, if you think about delivery, is how 378 00:21:52,470 --> 00:21:56,090 you present the information. When you rehearse, 379 00:21:56,100 --> 00:21:58,080 you can start to think about things like eye 380 00:21:58,080 --> 00:22:02,460 contact or hand gestures or body movements, or if 381 00:22:02,460 --> 00:22:05,420 you are in person, you're moving around your your 382 00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:07,710 stage and it doesn't have to be a literal stage. 383 00:22:07,710 --> 00:22:10,260 It could be the front of a classroom. And so when 384 00:22:10,260 --> 00:22:12,630 you practice and rehearse your delivery, you're 385 00:22:12,630 --> 00:22:15,360 able to think about those elements of delivery 386 00:22:16,020 --> 00:22:19,920 that we just covered. And so, again, delivery is 387 00:22:19,920 --> 00:22:23,550 that third piece of the stool. And you have to 388 00:22:23,550 --> 00:22:27,330 make sure that all three of these are sturdy for 389 00:22:27,330 --> 00:22:30,690 your presentation to be successful. And so for 390 00:22:30,690 --> 00:22:33,840 every single one of my students, he said, I'm just 391 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:37,980 going to wing it. I would always say, please don't 392 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:43,020 move. That will not set you up for success. And a 393 00:22:43,020 --> 00:22:46,230 lot of the folks in my classes, my public speaking 394 00:22:46,230 --> 00:22:49,320 classes throughout the years who decided to wing 395 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:53,430 it, really were folks who could not overcome that 396 00:22:53,430 --> 00:22:56,760 anxiety and those nerves to focus on preparation. 397 00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:00,810 So this is a huge reason why we are talking about 398 00:23:00,810 --> 00:23:04,950 these first three steps tonight. Nancy Duarte is 399 00:23:04,950 --> 00:23:09,510 one of my absolute favorite presentation experts. 400 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:12,930 You can see the link to this particular 401 00:23:13,620 --> 00:23:15,810 presentation ecosystem at the bottom of your 402 00:23:15,810 --> 00:23:20,760 screen. Nancy Orteig talks about in all three legs 403 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,640 of the presentation stool, what I've circled here. 404 00:23:23,850 --> 00:23:27,450 And this is the element of critique and feedback 405 00:23:27,450 --> 00:23:32,430 and some not just writing out your content and 406 00:23:32,430 --> 00:23:36,480 practicing your delivery in a vacuum. And so I 407 00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:39,660 wanted to make sure that all of you knew about a 408 00:23:39,660 --> 00:23:43,140 resource that could be really helpful for you 409 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:46,200 while you are a student at Imperial. We're going 410 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:48,960 to talk about that resource in just a second. But 411 00:23:48,970 --> 00:23:52,710 use the people around you to help you with 412 00:23:53,910 --> 00:23:56,490 practicing your content, rehearsing your content. 413 00:23:56,790 --> 00:24:00,060 You can talk with your family, your roommate, your 414 00:24:00,060 --> 00:24:02,940 significant other, your neighbor. I think that 415 00:24:02,940 --> 00:24:06,150 it's really important to prioritize that rehearsal, 416 00:24:06,150 --> 00:24:09,120 that deliberate practice, and to make sure that 417 00:24:09,120 --> 00:24:12,390 you're incorporating well, how did I do time with 418 00:24:12,390 --> 00:24:14,760 a stopwatch to make sure that I'm staying on track 419 00:24:14,760 --> 00:24:17,370 for my speech time? These kinds of things can be 420 00:24:17,370 --> 00:24:20,250 really helpful for you to increase your confidence 421 00:24:20,250 --> 00:24:23,790 before the speech day itself, which is when our 422 00:24:23,790 --> 00:24:27,870 nerves are typically at their at their worst. And 423 00:24:27,870 --> 00:24:32,160 so if you are an environmental student or staff or 424 00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:36,510 faculty member in Pirnie, if you just type in the 425 00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:40,620 search bar vector or if you go to department slash 426 00:24:40,630 --> 00:24:43,950 director, you are going to find all of the 427 00:24:43,950 --> 00:24:46,560 information that you need for our virtual 428 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:50,730 communication lab. And this is a place for free 429 00:24:50,730 --> 00:24:54,930 tutoring where you can pop into a Zen room with a 430 00:24:54,930 --> 00:24:58,650 communication tutor and actually practice and 431 00:24:58,650 --> 00:25:01,350 rehearse your speech and get some feedback on the 432 00:25:01,350 --> 00:25:04,950 spot. So that's a resource while you are in every 433 00:25:04,950 --> 00:25:07,020 little student, that can be really, really helpful 434 00:25:07,020 --> 00:25:12,030 for you. And so you've prepared you have your 435 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:15,630 outline, you have your visuals. Let's say you 436 00:25:15,630 --> 00:25:18,090 decided that you're going to design some slides 437 00:25:18,090 --> 00:25:21,450 and PowerPoint and they align with your outline 438 00:25:21,450 --> 00:25:24,390 really well. You've rehearsed, you know, that 439 00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:27,700 you're on track for timing and it's speech day. 440 00:25:28,410 --> 00:25:33,720 And so you might have, again, those nerves pop up 441 00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:37,920 and you have to make sure that you have a plan for 442 00:25:37,920 --> 00:25:41,160 if you start to feel those triggers, a fight or 443 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:45,090 flight again, the sweaty palms, the shortness of 444 00:25:45,090 --> 00:25:48,030 breath, the heart beating really, really rapidly. 445 00:25:48,390 --> 00:25:52,380 So what do you do? I know that you have probably 446 00:25:52,380 --> 00:25:58,080 all heard stories about athletes having pregame 447 00:25:58,080 --> 00:26:02,870 rituals or things that they wear during a game or 448 00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:05,190 like really weird things that they do right before 449 00:26:05,190 --> 00:26:08,520 they go out on the court or the field. These are 450 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:12,450 just superstitious things, their habit. It's just 451 00:26:12,450 --> 00:26:16,950 to gain some sort of feeling of control in a 452 00:26:16,950 --> 00:26:20,730 situation that's out of control. And so I would 453 00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:24,540 recommend that you sort of create your own pregame 454 00:26:24,540 --> 00:26:29,040 ritual before a presentation. And I think that you 455 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:33,300 can do two very, very, very simple things that can 456 00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:37,020 help you manage that anxiety date of let's say 457 00:26:37,020 --> 00:26:40,020 it's five minutes until your presentation. You can 458 00:26:40,020 --> 00:26:43,800 do these two things five minutes before No. One is 459 00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:47,970 to really focus on deep breaths. So, you know, 460 00:26:47,970 --> 00:26:52,800 when you are having raging nerves and anxiety, you 461 00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:56,040 feel a little short of breath. And so if you focus 462 00:26:56,040 --> 00:27:00,960 on deep breathing that has been shown to have 463 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:04,770 positive effects on your mind and your body, and I 464 00:27:04,770 --> 00:27:07,350 think that is can help calm you just a little bit. 465 00:27:07,770 --> 00:27:10,410 And so deep breathing would be number one. And 466 00:27:10,410 --> 00:27:13,440 then number two, it's so important that your 467 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:16,770 internal self talk, the things that you're saying 468 00:27:16,770 --> 00:27:21,390 to yourself in your head, are positive instead. So 469 00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:24,510 instead of saying, oh, my gosh, I really hate 470 00:27:24,510 --> 00:27:26,670 public speaking, this is terrible, I'm going to 471 00:27:26,670 --> 00:27:30,180 fail, make sure that you are stopping those 472 00:27:30,180 --> 00:27:33,010 negative thoughts. And as you're doing your deep 473 00:27:33,030 --> 00:27:35,730 breathing, you can say things like it's just a 474 00:27:35,730 --> 00:27:40,290 presentation I have prepared. I'm going to be OK. 475 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:42,510 I'm not going to be perfect. I don't have to be 476 00:27:42,510 --> 00:27:45,330 perfect. And if you sort of say these positive 477 00:27:45,330 --> 00:27:49,020 things to yourself and make this part of your pre 478 00:27:49,060 --> 00:27:53,130 speech ritual, I think that this can just be 479 00:27:53,130 --> 00:27:56,550 really helpful and sort of avoid that anxiety 480 00:27:56,550 --> 00:28:01,440 spinning out of control. And so I also think no 481 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,800 matter the presentation situation, again, this can 482 00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:07,860 be instead of this can be face to face. But this 483 00:28:07,860 --> 00:28:10,950 is a test that works really, really, really well, 484 00:28:10,950 --> 00:28:14,430 in addition to the sort of free speech rituals to 485 00:28:14,430 --> 00:28:19,980 help sort of calm any day of anxiety. So if it is 486 00:28:19,980 --> 00:28:23,610 an Zoome, if it's a person, get to the venue a 487 00:28:23,610 --> 00:28:26,730 little bit early, make sure that everything is 488 00:28:26,730 --> 00:28:29,790 working, test things out. Of course, things can 489 00:28:29,790 --> 00:28:35,130 still happen in person or in Zoome, but just feel 490 00:28:35,130 --> 00:28:39,570 as in control of the situation as you possibly can. 491 00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:46,260 And I had a student, this was probably my goodness, 492 00:28:46,260 --> 00:28:51,930 ten years ago now who this worked for and I never 493 00:28:51,930 --> 00:28:55,440 thought we would find something to help my student 494 00:28:55,440 --> 00:29:00,060 Bruce manage his anxiety in the groups. And this 495 00:29:00,060 --> 00:29:02,910 was a student at my previous. The institution, not 496 00:29:02,910 --> 00:29:09,150 at all, Bruce was a business student and he and 497 00:29:09,150 --> 00:29:13,290 his cohort would have to present at least once in 498 00:29:13,290 --> 00:29:16,350 every single class that they took, and they took a 499 00:29:16,350 --> 00:29:18,570 lot of courses together because, again, they were 500 00:29:18,570 --> 00:29:20,760 in a cohort that moved from course to course 501 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:26,820 together. And the students all came one term to my 502 00:29:26,820 --> 00:29:29,280 class, my public speaking and presentation class. 503 00:29:29,730 --> 00:29:32,520 And a big group of the students came up to me 504 00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:36,690 right before class the day that class started day 505 00:29:36,690 --> 00:29:40,710 one. And they said to me, Mr. Inkster, you're 506 00:29:40,710 --> 00:29:44,340 going to have to help Bruce. Bruce hates public 507 00:29:44,340 --> 00:29:47,610 speaking. He has been terrified in every previous 508 00:29:47,610 --> 00:29:51,390 class we've ever taken. He hates this class. He 509 00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:53,550 doesn't even want to come to class today. You've 510 00:29:53,550 --> 00:29:56,040 got to help him. His classmates are very 511 00:29:56,340 --> 00:29:58,620 supportive. Right. And it was already that very 512 00:29:58,620 --> 00:30:02,430 supportive environment where Bruce felt like he 513 00:30:02,430 --> 00:30:04,890 couldn't come to class and then put in that effort 514 00:30:04,890 --> 00:30:07,830 and put in the work. And so I pulled him aside and 515 00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:10,980 I said, Bruce, I know you're dreading my class, 516 00:30:11,280 --> 00:30:13,080 your classmates, and said you really don't like 517 00:30:13,080 --> 00:30:16,710 public speaking. Are you willing to try a couple 518 00:30:16,710 --> 00:30:18,690 of things? Do you want to try out a couple of 519 00:30:18,690 --> 00:30:21,270 different techniques that might help you with your 520 00:30:21,270 --> 00:30:26,760 anxiety? And Bruce was extremely hard working, and 521 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:30,750 so he said, yes, I will try anything. I want to go 522 00:30:30,750 --> 00:30:34,800 into the business world after I graduate. And I 523 00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:36,810 know that it's going to be important for me to 524 00:30:36,810 --> 00:30:38,850 know how to manage my anxiety because I'm going to 525 00:30:38,850 --> 00:30:40,770 have to present in the future. So I'm going to do 526 00:30:40,770 --> 00:30:42,930 whatever it takes, which is a really great 527 00:30:42,930 --> 00:30:45,450 attitude to have. And so we tried a lot of 528 00:30:45,450 --> 00:30:48,750 different things. But what helped Bruce the most 529 00:30:48,750 --> 00:30:52,920 was he would come into class about twenty minutes 530 00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:56,640 early on every presentation day and he would still 531 00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:58,530 get very nervous, even though he knew his 532 00:30:58,530 --> 00:31:00,870 classmates, he knew his audience. I mean, he 533 00:31:00,870 --> 00:31:03,620 trusted all of us. We were very supportive, right. 534 00:31:04,650 --> 00:31:07,380 He would come to class early and he would just 535 00:31:07,380 --> 00:31:11,790 stand in the front of the room and I would just be 536 00:31:11,790 --> 00:31:13,920 working whatever I was doing off to the side. I 537 00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,560 wasn't bothering him. And Bruce would just walk 538 00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:18,270 around the front of the room and practice the 539 00:31:18,270 --> 00:31:21,240 speech and sometimes see the practice out loud. 540 00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:23,790 Sometimes he would just practice in his head and 541 00:31:23,790 --> 00:31:26,370 the students would start to come in one by one by 542 00:31:26,370 --> 00:31:30,510 one. And I said to Bruce, you stay up as long as 543 00:31:30,990 --> 00:31:32,970 class hasn't started and you sat there as long as 544 00:31:32,970 --> 00:31:37,020 you want. And so finally, the minute before class 545 00:31:37,020 --> 00:31:40,770 started, Bruce was up and practicing and the whole 546 00:31:40,770 --> 00:31:44,430 audience had had filed in. And so he started to 547 00:31:44,430 --> 00:31:47,490 feel comfortable speaking because he was already 548 00:31:47,490 --> 00:31:50,100 comfortable being up in front of that audience 549 00:31:50,100 --> 00:31:52,440 because he had sort of spent those 10 minutes, 20 550 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:55,740 minutes pacing around, rehearsing in his head. And 551 00:31:55,740 --> 00:31:57,840 that's how he sort of developed his confidence. 552 00:31:57,840 --> 00:32:00,870 That was a tip and a trick that worked for him not 553 00:32:00,870 --> 00:32:04,080 only in my class, but he said that he used this 554 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:07,890 for his final project before he graduated. He had 555 00:32:07,890 --> 00:32:10,050 to give a very high stakes presentation. And he 556 00:32:10,050 --> 00:32:13,680 said that was the that he used to help manage his 557 00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:17,640 anxiety and nerves. And so I say this and I sort 558 00:32:17,640 --> 00:32:20,010 of tell Bruce's story because it might be that 559 00:32:20,010 --> 00:32:23,340 this tape works really, really well for you or it 560 00:32:23,340 --> 00:32:25,800 might be that another test works really, really 561 00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:28,830 well for you. But it's about finding the thing 562 00:32:28,830 --> 00:32:32,700 that's the best that for you and your particular 563 00:32:32,700 --> 00:32:36,930 anxiety and nerves level in your presentation 564 00:32:36,930 --> 00:32:42,030 situations. And so one more thing related to tip 565 00:32:42,030 --> 00:32:46,920 number four that is very helpful for me is to 566 00:32:46,920 --> 00:32:50,370 sweat it out. And so before my dissertation 567 00:32:50,370 --> 00:32:54,270 defense, I went for a run. I made sure to go for a 568 00:32:54,270 --> 00:32:56,730 run because I was sort of feeling all of that 569 00:32:56,730 --> 00:33:00,240 nervous energy flowing through my body. And so I 570 00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:02,640 knew I needed to just go for a run and sort of 571 00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:05,910 shake off those nerves. A lot of people go to the 572 00:33:05,910 --> 00:33:09,900 gym. Some people can go for a walk. And just again, 573 00:33:09,900 --> 00:33:14,790 having a plan for those physical symptoms of 574 00:33:14,790 --> 00:33:18,660 anxiety, most physical symptoms of nerves, being 575 00:33:18,660 --> 00:33:21,900 able to go to the gym is super helpful. And again, 576 00:33:22,170 --> 00:33:25,800 working out, running, walking, that also has 577 00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:29,850 positive mental effects for us, too. So after I go 578 00:33:29,850 --> 00:33:33,900 for a run, I do feel more centered and more calm. 579 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:38,400 And so the fifth and final tip that I will give 580 00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:43,260 you this evening, if none of these things work, I 581 00:33:43,260 --> 00:33:47,940 would really suggest faking it until you do feel 582 00:33:48,150 --> 00:33:51,960 that elevated sense of confidence and that 583 00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:56,610 decreased anxiety. And you can fake confidence and 584 00:33:56,610 --> 00:34:00,090 a couple of different ways. Right. You can put 585 00:34:00,090 --> 00:34:04,020 some time and. Effort and energy into dressing up, 586 00:34:04,830 --> 00:34:08,580 making sure that you put five extra minutes into 587 00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:11,310 your outfit or your hair or your beard or your 588 00:34:11,310 --> 00:34:14,430 makeup or your earrings and so that you look 589 00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:18,480 polished and professional and ready to present, 590 00:34:19,470 --> 00:34:24,150 you can actually move your body in ways that sort 591 00:34:24,150 --> 00:34:27,660 of stimulate confidence. So even if you're super 592 00:34:27,660 --> 00:34:31,710 nervous for your shoulders to move back, your head 593 00:34:31,710 --> 00:34:35,760 to be held high so that your body looks and 594 00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:38,610 projects confidence, even if you're really, really 595 00:34:38,610 --> 00:34:40,890 nervous. That is another tip that I have to sort 596 00:34:40,890 --> 00:34:44,310 of fake it. And then the other thing that can help 597 00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:49,110 you is just to actually outloud engage in that 598 00:34:49,110 --> 00:34:53,910 positive self talk. So go to the restroom if you 599 00:34:53,910 --> 00:34:57,000 need to, so that no one will ever hear you and 600 00:34:57,000 --> 00:34:59,940 look at yourself in the mirror and say it's just a 601 00:34:59,940 --> 00:35:03,680 presentation you have practiced, you have got this. 602 00:35:04,020 --> 00:35:06,960 And again, engaging in that positive self talk out 603 00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:11,250 loud. Making sure that you feel or your body is 604 00:35:11,250 --> 00:35:14,580 projecting confidence that can be a way to sort of 605 00:35:14,580 --> 00:35:17,610 fake it until you actually have those feelings 606 00:35:17,610 --> 00:35:22,050 yourself. And so I have shared these tips that 607 00:35:22,050 --> 00:35:24,900 have worked for my students, so many of my 608 00:35:24,900 --> 00:35:28,290 students over the years. But what I would love to 609 00:35:28,290 --> 00:35:32,430 do is go back to that original question that I 610 00:35:32,430 --> 00:35:36,600 posed to all of you at the beginning and talk a 611 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:38,850 little bit. And I would love to not only talk 612 00:35:38,850 --> 00:35:42,600 about this in particular and hear what makes you 613 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:46,800 nervous about presenting, but I would also love it 614 00:35:47,430 --> 00:35:50,550 if you would share maybe one strategy that we 615 00:35:50,550 --> 00:35:54,090 talked about tonight that you want to try that you 616 00:35:54,090 --> 00:35:58,170 think might work for you in your next presentation 617 00:35:58,170 --> 00:36:02,970 situation. Or maybe tell us one strategy that I 618 00:36:02,970 --> 00:36:06,390 didn't mention that you've used or that, you know, 619 00:36:06,390 --> 00:36:10,200 has been effective for other people. And so we are 620 00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:14,880 going to turn things over to all of you for a 621 00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:15,930 little Q&A.