Author Information

Is this project an undergraduate, graduate, or faculty project?

Undergraduate

Project Type

individual

Campus

Daytona Beach

Authors' Class Standing

Nicolas Bonasoro, Senior

Lead Presenter's Name

Nicolas Bonasoro

Lead Presenter's College

DB College of Engineering

Faculty Mentor Name

Dr. Cagri Kilic

Abstract

Understanding how lunar regolith interacts with robotic systems is important for safe surface operations because uncertain terrain conditions can affect rover traversability and lunar lander stability. This work applies terramechanics to two space robotics applications: in-situ cone penetration testing (CPT) for terrain assessment and lunar lander touchdown analysis for evaluating sinkage, force response, and stability. The study compares the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which resolves particle-scale interactions and captures detailed regolith behavior, with the Continuum Representation Method (CRM), which models soil response more efficiently and supports rigid CAD components such as lander footpads, legs, and body geometries. Current CPT results include DEM penetration trends in beach sand and CRM penetration response for GRC-1 lunar regolith simulant under lunar gravity, providing an initial comparison of how terrain behavior is represented by the two methods. For the lander application, DEM and CRM are used to study touchdown behavior, including penetration, sinkage per foot, and normal force response over time. Current CRM results show nonuniform sinkage and force distribution across the footpads during landing, indicating asymmetric touchdown behavior even on flat terrain. Research from the Simulation-Based Engineering Lab (SBEL) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, developers of Project Chrono, has identified CRM as a validated alternative to DEM, motivating its use here for faster simulation, easier implementation of rigid parts, and broader parametric studies. This work will continue through summer 2026 and supports improved lunar terrain assessment and touchdown stability prediction for future space robotics missions.

Did this research project receive funding support (Spark, SURF, Research Abroad, Student Internal Grants, Collaborative, Climbing, or Ignite Grants) from the Office of Undergraduate Research?

No

Share

COinS
 

Terramechanics-Based Comparison of DEM and CRM for Lunar Surface Applications

Understanding how lunar regolith interacts with robotic systems is important for safe surface operations because uncertain terrain conditions can affect rover traversability and lunar lander stability. This work applies terramechanics to two space robotics applications: in-situ cone penetration testing (CPT) for terrain assessment and lunar lander touchdown analysis for evaluating sinkage, force response, and stability. The study compares the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which resolves particle-scale interactions and captures detailed regolith behavior, with the Continuum Representation Method (CRM), which models soil response more efficiently and supports rigid CAD components such as lander footpads, legs, and body geometries. Current CPT results include DEM penetration trends in beach sand and CRM penetration response for GRC-1 lunar regolith simulant under lunar gravity, providing an initial comparison of how terrain behavior is represented by the two methods. For the lander application, DEM and CRM are used to study touchdown behavior, including penetration, sinkage per foot, and normal force response over time. Current CRM results show nonuniform sinkage and force distribution across the footpads during landing, indicating asymmetric touchdown behavior even on flat terrain. Research from the Simulation-Based Engineering Lab (SBEL) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, developers of Project Chrono, has identified CRM as a validated alternative to DEM, motivating its use here for faster simulation, easier implementation of rigid parts, and broader parametric studies. This work will continue through summer 2026 and supports improved lunar terrain assessment and touchdown stability prediction for future space robotics missions.

 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.