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Abstract

This study looks at passenger preferences in air travel, specifically ultra-long-haul and connecting flights, utilizing a comparative lens between Asia and Europe. It investigates how economic conditions, cultural differences, and regional infrastructure affect flight choices. According to the findings, Asian travelers prefer connecting flights that use hub-and-spoke networks because they are more affordable, whereas European tourists choose direct flights for time efficiency. Furthermore, the interaction between purchasing power and travel intent has a major impact on flight preferences, with business travelers favoring full-service carriers and leisure travelers preferring low-cost options. Cultural factors also influence these decisions, altering airline loyalty, service expectations, and aircraft preferences across locations. The report highlights airlines' strategic efforts to meet passenger expectations through service personalization, dynamic pricing, and alliances. These insights can help airlines optimize their products for different markets and improve customer satisfaction.

Acknowledgements

First and foremost, I am profoundly grateful to Allah (SWT), the Most Merciful, for granting me the strength, patience, and wisdom to complete this work. Without His countless blessings, this achievement would not have been possible.

I extend my deepest appreciation to my Ami and Abu for their unwavering love, prayers, and endless support throughout my academic journey. Their sacrifices and encouragement have been the foundation of all my accomplishments.

A heartfelt thank you to my wife for her understanding, patience, and encouragement during challenging times. Her support has been invaluable throughout this process. Lastly, I want to express my love and gratitude to my son, Mughees, whose presence has been a constant source of joy and motivation for me.

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