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What campus are you from?
Daytona Beach
Authors' Class Standing
Skylar Butler, Senior Margaret Stanley, Senior
Lead Presenter's Name
Skylar Butler
Faculty Mentor Name
Dr. Katariina Nykyri
Abstract
A sequence of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) impacted Earth in early September 2025, producing consecutive geomagnetic disturbances. The first CME, launched on 31 August 2025 and observed as a halo in SOHO/LASCO imagery, reached Earth on 1 September (~20:45 UTC), generating a clear interplanetary shock. OMNI 1-min solar-wind data show a sudden rise in |B| from ≈ 5 nT to > 25 nT, proton density and velocity increases (≈ 350 → 600 km s⁻¹), and a southward IMF Bz interval that drove enhanced coupling. The Kyoto Dst index recorded a sudden storm commencement followed by a minimum of −75 nT on 2 September, confirming a moderate geomagnetic storm. A second CME erupted from the Sun on 3 September 2025 and was detected at L1 around 5 September, marked by another |B| and V enhancement (up to 15–18 nT and > 500 km s⁻¹). This later impact produced a weaker geomagnetic response, demonstrating multi-CME interaction within one week. MMS observations show magnetospheric compression, enhanced ion temperature, and fast Vx flows coincident with the first event, illustrating how successive CMEs influence the solar-wind–magnetosphere system.
Did this research project receive funding support from the Office of Undergraduate Research.
No
Included in
Instrumentation Commons, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons, Physical Processes Commons, Stars, Interstellar Medium and the Galaxy Commons, The Sun and the Solar System Commons
Solar Wind–Magnetosphere Coupling During the September 2025 CME: Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Using MMS and OMNI Data
A sequence of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) impacted Earth in early September 2025, producing consecutive geomagnetic disturbances. The first CME, launched on 31 August 2025 and observed as a halo in SOHO/LASCO imagery, reached Earth on 1 September (~20:45 UTC), generating a clear interplanetary shock. OMNI 1-min solar-wind data show a sudden rise in |B| from ≈ 5 nT to > 25 nT, proton density and velocity increases (≈ 350 → 600 km s⁻¹), and a southward IMF Bz interval that drove enhanced coupling. The Kyoto Dst index recorded a sudden storm commencement followed by a minimum of −75 nT on 2 September, confirming a moderate geomagnetic storm. A second CME erupted from the Sun on 3 September 2025 and was detected at L1 around 5 September, marked by another |B| and V enhancement (up to 15–18 nT and > 500 km s⁻¹). This later impact produced a weaker geomagnetic response, demonstrating multi-CME interaction within one week. MMS observations show magnetospheric compression, enhanced ion temperature, and fast Vx flows coincident with the first event, illustrating how successive CMEs influence the solar-wind–magnetosphere system.