In-vitro investigation of pathophysiologic responses to exercise conditions in single ventricular patients

Author Information

Anthony Damon, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Martin Cinelli, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Keyu Vadaliya, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Clayton Purdy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Levi Blumer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Ray Prather, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Arka Das, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Alain Kassab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida
Eduardo Divo, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
William DeCampli, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, The Heart Center at Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children

Is this project an undergraduate, graduate, or faculty project?

Undergraduate

Project Type

group

Campus

Daytona Beach

Authors' Class Standing

Levi Blumer, Junior Keyu Vadaliya, Junior Martin Cinelli, Junior Clayton Purdy, Junior Anthony Damon, Junior

Lead Presenter's Name

Levi Blumer

Lead Presenter's College

DB College of Engineering

Faculty Mentor Name

Dr. Arka Das

Abstract

Around 8% of all newborns with a congenital heart defect have only a single functioning ventricle (SV). The Fontan circulation is a result of the third stage surgical procedure to correct the SV anatomy in these patients. Despite successful implementation over the years, this altered circulation is prone to failure, with survival rates of only 50-80% to adulthood. Increased inferior vena caval (IVC) pressure plays a significant role in "Fontan failure." A rapidly testable novel alternative is proposed by creating an Injection Jet Shunt (IJS) drawing flow directly from the aortic arch, balanced by a conduit-to-atrial fenestration to approximately preserve the ratio of pulmonary flow (Qp) to systemic flow (Qs). The main concept involves the injection of a high-velocity jet in the direction of inferior vena cava (IVC) flow, causing flow entrainment, leading to a significant reduction of upstream (i.e., IVC) pressure and enhancement of downstream flow. A dynamically scaled benchtop Mock Flow Loop (MFL) is configured to validate this hypothesis. Three IJS nozzles of varying diameters (i.e., 2mm, 3mm and 4mm) implanted in different types of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) phantoms (namely 2Y, and Torus) are tested to validate the hypothesis and achieve the maximum caval pressure reduction. The MFL replicates a reduced four-compartmental lumped parameter model of the Fontan circulation, and it is integrated with a patient generic 3D phantom of the IJS-assisted Fontan with average dimensions matching those of a 2–4-year-old patient. Experimental results are presented and compared to the computational findings on the hemodynamic results and oxygen saturations for various IJS assisted Fontan configurations.

Keywords: congenital heart defect; particle image velocimetry, machine learning, mock flow loop, in-vitro,

Did this research project receive funding support (Spark, SURF, Research Abroad, Student Internal Grants, Collaborative, Climbing, or Ignite Grants) from the Office of Undergraduate Research?

Yes, Student Internal Grants