How should the U.S.-Japan Alliance Define Armed-Attack Thresholds to Effectively Respond to Gray Zone Threats in the Space Domain?
Abstract/Description
This policy brief outlines the need for a cohesive U.S.-Japan response framework to address gray-zone threats in the space domain. Interference with space assets is increasing in frequency and complexity, yet the alliance lacks a clearly defined joint escalation framework to guide responses. The brief recommends adopting a Space Conditions Matrix to identify conflict thresholds and strengthen coordinated decision-making in space operations.
This paper has been withdrawn.