Submitting Campus

Daytona Beach

Department

Physical Sciences

Document Type

Article

Publication/Presentation Date

9-2002

Abstract/Description

We present deep BVI observations of the core of M35 and a nearby comparison field obtained at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope under excellent seeing conditions. These observations probe to V > 26 and display the lower main sequence in BV and VI CMDs down to V = 23.3 and 24.6, respectively. At these faint magnitudes the background Galactic field stars are far more numerous than the cluster stars, yet by using a smoothing technique and CMD density distribution subtraction we are able to recover the cluster fiducial main sequence and luminosity function to V = 24.6. We find the location of the M35 main sequence in these CMDs to be consistent with earlier work on other open clusters, specifically NGC 188, 2420, and 2477. We compare these open cluster fiducial sequences with stellar models by Baraffe et al., Siess et al., Girardi et al., and Yi et al. and find that the models are too blue in both B ̶ V and V ̶ I for stars less massive than ̴ 0.4M⊙. At least part of the problem appears to be underestimated opacity in the bluer bandpasses, with the amount of missing opacity increasing toward the blue. M35 contains stars to the limit of the extracted main sequence, at M ≈ 0.10–0.15 M⊙, suggesting that M35 may harbor a large number of brown dwarfs, which should be easy targets for sensitive near-IR instrumentation on 8–10 m telescopes. We also identify a new candidate white dwarf (WD) inM35 at V = 21.36 ± 0.01. Depending on which WD models are used in interpreting this cluster candidate, it is either a very high mass WD (1.05 ± 0.05 M⊙), somewhat older (0.19–0.26 Gyr, 3–4 σ) than our best isochrone age (150 Myr), or it is a modestly massive WD (0.67–0.78 M⊙) that is much too old (0.42–0.83 Gyr) to belong to the cluster. Follow-up spectroscopy is required to resolve this issue.

Publication Title

The Astronomical Journal

Publisher

Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc.

Grant or Award Name

NSF grants AST 98-19768, AST 01-96212, and AST 98-12735

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