Submitting Campus

Daytona Beach

Department

Applied Aviation Sciences

Document Type

Presentation without Video

Publication/Presentation Date

11-20-2024

Abstract/Description

  • The proliferation of satellites in Earth’s orbit has significantly enhanced capabilities in communication, Earth observation, and scientific research. However, this rapid expansion presents considerable legal and ethical challenges, particularly regarding the preservation of dark and quiet skies. As low Earth orbit becomes increasingly congested, the implications for astronomical observation, environmental integrity, and cultural heritage require critical examination. 

This presentation provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the legal, practical and ethical considerations essential for preserving dark and quiet skies. It begins by exploring the legal frameworks governing the use of space, highlighting relevant international treaties, national responsibilities, and emerging issues aimed at mitigating light and noise pollution from space. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 establishes that outer space shall be used for peaceful purposes and in the interests of all countries. However, the growing number of satellites and constellations threatens this principle by obstructing astronomical observations and diminishing the visibility of stars—an impact with profound implications for science, culture, and the well-being of all life on Earth. While some environmental laws exist, there is currently no law that adequately addresses the conflict of interests between space activities and terrestrial needs. Recent discussions among industry stakeholders, scientists and policymakers have generated some practical recommendations to mitigate the impact of satellites on dark and quiet skies. While these efforts mark a positive step, there remains an urgent need for developing forward-looking policies, standards and best practices.

An ethical evaluation is also necessary to guide policy development. This includes identifying the values underpinning existing norms and addressing ethical gaps in legal and policy frameworks. Key moral questions include fairness and equity in access to dark skies versus technological innovations, the balance of harm and benefit to society, respect for persons, and responsibilities to future generations. Ethical analysis can illuminate future scenarios, highlighting how current decisions may shape societal conditions down the line. By integrating legal, ethical, and practical perspectives, this paper presents a holistic approach to ensuring the sustainable use of space while preserving night skies for future generations to come.

Lastly, recent discussions between industry space actors, scientists and policymakers have rendered some practical recommendations aimed at resolving the conflict (such as promoting sustainable satellite design and operation, establishing optimal limits on brightness and orbital altitude, and fostering international cooperation and consultation between stakeholders). Yet more work is required in raising awareness throughout scientific community, public outreach and policymaker awareness.

Finally, we emphasize the importance of public engagement and education in these discussions. The scientific community, policymakers, and the public must collaborate to develop solutions that honor both the advancement of satellite technology and the intrinsic value of dark skies. By integrating legal, ethical, and environmental perspectives, we can create a holistic approach that ensures the sustainable use of space for future generations.

Location

Vienna, Austria

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