Author Biography
Tianxin Zhang, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology & Sociology at Tuskegee University. His research interests include human factors, virtual reality, user experience, and training.
Christina M. Frederick, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of Human Factors, Safety and Social Sciences at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide. Her research focuses on Self-Determination Theory, applied motivation, the effects of technology on personality, leadership, and sport psychology.
Barbara Chaparro, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach. Her research interests include usability, user experience, human-computer interaction, and mobile computing.
Key words
Virtual Reality, Flight Training, User Experience, Training Effectiveness, Procedural Learning, Cognitive Learning
Abstract
The current project explores how user experience (UX) in virtual reality (VR) flight simulation influences both cognitive learning outcomes and procedural skill acquisition when compared to traditional desktop-based simulation.. Using a quasi-transfer of training design, 48 student pilots were randomly assigned to VR, Desktop, or Control groups and trained on the Chandelle maneuver. UX was measured with the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), while training effectiveness was evaluated through a post-training knowledge test and recorded maneuver performance on a high-fidelity flight training device. Results indicated that the VR group reported significantly higher UX scores in Attractiveness, Stimulation, and Novelty, and showed superior procedural performance during the maneuver test compared to other groups. Although no significant group differences emerged in knowledge test scores, positive correlations between UX subscales and both cognitive and behavioral outcomes suggest that immersive UX contributes meaningfully to learning effectiveness. These findings underscore the potential of VR flight simulation to enhance aviation training when designed with user experience in mind, particularly for complex procedural skill acquisition.
Scholarly Commons Citation
Zhang, T.,
Frederick, C. M.,
& Chaparro, B.
(2026).
The Role of User Experience in Virtual Reality Flight Training: A Comparison With PC-Based Simulation.
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 35(2).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58940/2329-258X.2223
