Document Type

Policy Briefs

Publication/Presentation Date

4-23-2026

Abstract/Description

This policy brief examines weaknesses and ambiguities in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty regarding nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction in space. Following Russia’s 2024 veto of a UN Security Council resolution proposed by Japan and the United States, concerns over the deployment of nuclear weapons in space have intensified. The brief proposes technical standards for cost-effective resiliency testing and satellite hardening as part of bilateral U.S.-Japan measures to strengthen resilience against nuclear detonations.

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